Electric hammer.



- R. s. SMITH. I ELECTRIC HAMMER. APPLICATION FILED JULY 28, 1909.

983,943. Patented Feb. 14, 1911.

RfS. SMITH.

ELECTRIC HAMMER.

APPLIGATION FILED JULY 28, 1909.

983,943. Patented Egan 14,1911.

2 SHEETS-EHEET 2.

' I I ,5 12 Htoz Y .k f JK/Zifi/ZJ/flllii, 'I 1 82 I I WW UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

REUBEN S. SMITH, OF MARSHALL, TEXAS.

ELECTRIC HAMMER.

'Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 14:, 1911.

Application filed July 28, 1909. Serial No. 510,058.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, REUBEN S. SMITH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Marshall, in the county of Harrison and State of Texas, have invented a newand useful Electric Hammer, of which the following is av specification.

This invention has reference to improve ments in electric hammers wherein the hammer head is elevated by magnetic pull and the hammerblow is caused by the action of gravity augmented by magnetic pull in the same direction.

In accordance with the present invention provision is made for setting the hammer in motion and permitting the hammer blows to be given in succession with any 'de gree of force up to the full capacity of the apparatus, the action of the hammer being either automatic with the force of the blow under the control of an operator or the hammer blows may be given one at a time at the will of an operator.

The invention will be best understood from a consideration of the following dey tail description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, in which drawings Figure l is a structural diagram partly in elevation and partly in section, of an electric hammer embodying the present inven tion. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the upper end of the solenoid part of the structure. Figs. 3 and 4 are views of the controlling mechanism showing the same in different phases of operation.

Referring to the drawings and more par ticularly to Fig. 1, there is shown a hammer structure comprising a frame 1 having guides for a hammer head 2 in the path of which latter there is located an anvil 3, the several parts being generally similar to like parts of an ordinary steam hammer. The active end of the hammeris secured in the usual manner to a block at and this block is made last to a bar 5 of some non-magnetic material. such, fol-instance, as brass. At the cud oi the bar 5 remote from thatconnected to the block 4, the said bar is made last to a suitahl 1, armature or core 6 of magnetic metal such, for instance, as iron. The

. framework 1 is made u i of two 0 ositel disposed legs col'm ccted togetherat the upper end bv a crown or voke 7 made of some L non-magnetic material such, for nstance, as brass and this yoke has a central passage for the core 6. Immediately surrounding the passage through the yoke 7 and secured on top the latter is an iron ring 8 on which is supported a solenoid coil 9 surmounted by another iron ring 10 and on this latter there is mounted another solenoid coil 11 in turn surmounted by an iron ring 12. The several rings 8, 1.0 and 12 are connected together outside the 'coils 9 and 11 by diametrically disposed strips 13 which, like the rings 8, 1.0 and 12 are made of iron or other suitable magnetic material. The rings and strips are firmly secured together in any suitable manner, as by screws 14, the strips 13 acting as yokes for the rings 8, 10 and 12. In order to reduce to ajminimum magnetic leakage screws 1(3-15 of b 'ass or other nonmagnetic material are employed to secure the ring 8 to the yoke 7 and the said yoke 7 to the frame 1.

The showing of the drawings is not to be taken as limiting the embodiment of the in vcntion to the exact structures shown since 1t will be touud necessary in practice to modity the structures described in various ways to meet various contingencies.

Along one side of the hammer head Qand ot' the block 4 there is formed an inclined recess 17 said recess 17 widening in an upward direction, for a pur so which will hereinafter appear.

By properly ei'iergizing the solenoids 9 and 11 the core 6 is drawn into said solenoids and the hammer head 52 is elevated correspondingly. Now by again suitably energizing the solenoids the hammer head is released to the action of gravity and this action may be augmented by a pull of the solenoids in a direction to cause the movement of the head 52 toward the anvil 3. By a proper control of the energization of the solenoids the action of the hammer may be controlled to a nicety.

Mounted upon the frame 1 are two levers 18-19 in operative relation to a rack 20, the levers being provided with latches 21 to engage the teeth of the rack and these latches are under the control of levers 22 at the handle end of the levers 18 and 19. The levers 18 and 19 may be mounted upon the same pivot stud Q3 and the lever 18 is provided with a shorter arm 2 1 while the leycr 19 is provided with a shorter arm 25 of less length than the short arm 24. At

the outer end of the arm 2 1 is a contact 26 and on either side of this contact in the path thereof but normally spaced therefrom are other contacts 27 and 28 made fast to the frame 1. At the outer end of the shorter arm of the lever 19 there is secured a contact 29 and-this contact is connected to the fixed contact 27 by a flexible conductor 30. In the path of the contact 29 is another contact 31 on one end of a lever pivoted to the frame 1 adjacent to the pivotpoint 23 and the other end of this lever beyond the pivot point is under the control of a spring 33. The contact 31 is connected to the contact 26 bya flexible conductor 34. In the path of the contact 31 but on the side thereof remote from the contact 29 is another contact 35 connected by a flexible conductor 36 to the contact 28. The contact 35 is fast on one end of a short lever 37 having a tendency to carry the contact 35 toward the contact 31 by means of a spring 38. The end of the lever 37 remote from that carrying the contact 35 is connected to the short arm 25 of the lever 19 by a link 39 which, however, at the point of connection with the lever 37 is provided with an elongated slot 10 so that either the lever arm or the lever 37 may have an extent of independent movement without causing movement of the other. The lever 32 is made fast to the pivot pin 41 and this in turn carries an arm 42 having its free end entering the recess 17 in the hammer head 2 and block 4.

Coming from a suitable source of electric current are two conductors 4344. The conductdr 44 is connected to the contact 26 on the end of the lever arm 24. The con ductor 43 leads to one side of a rheostat 45 of any suitable type and the other side of this rheostat is connected by a conductor 46 to adjacent ends oft-he two coils 9 and 11.

At any convenientpoint there is located a box or receptacle 47 in which are housed two coils 4849 in tandem with a movable core 50 extending through them and pro-- vidcd with end terminals 51 of suitable shape to engage respective fixed terminals 52-53 in the path of the ends of the core 50, all these parts being immersed in a suitable nonconducting fluid such as transformer oil within the box or container 47 Adjacentductor to the end of the coil 9 remote from that connected to the rheostat 45. The fixed contact within the box 47 is connected by a condnctm 58 to the end of the coil 11 remote from that connected to the rheostat45. The core 50 is arranged to be in constant electrical contact with a brush 59 56- -by way of the conductor 36 or other suitable means, which in turn is connected by a conductor 60 to the mam lmc conductor 44 before referred to.

Therheostat 45 is controllable through a suitable or manipulatinglever (31 after the usual practice.

Let it be assumed that the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 1 and that the circuit is completed to the main line conductors 43-44 by means of a suitable -main line switch, which latter is not shown in the drawings but is, of course, assumed to be present after the usual practice. Assuming that the current enters by the conductor 44 thenit will pass to the contact 26 and by way of the conductor 34 to the contact 31, thence to thecontact 29, which latter is under the conditions assumed in engagement with the'contact 31,-thence by the conductor 30 to the contact 27 and byconductor 5G to one side of'the coil 49 from whence the current passes by the conductor 54 to the other main conductor 43. This causes the cncrgization of the coil 49and the attraction of the-core 50 in a direction to bring it. into engagement. with the contact 53. There is now established a circuit from the conductor 44 by way of the conductor ()0 to the brush 59, thence to the core 50 and from the latter to the contact 53 and conductor 58 to one end of the solenoid 11 and from the latter by way of the conductor 46 through the resistance or rheostat 45 to the other conductor This causes the energization of the solenoid 11 and the attraction thereinto of the core 6 31 out of engagementwith the contact 29 thus breaking the circuit established through the coil 49. When the hammer head has been lifted to a sufiicient height then the rocking of the arm 42 and the consequent move ment of the lever 32 is suflicicnt to carrythc contact 31 into engagement with the contact 35, thus establishing a circuit "from the conductor 44 to the contact 20 and thence by way of the conductor 31- to the contact 31 and from the latter to the contact 35 and to the contact 28 and from the latter by the conductor to one side of the coil 49. returning to the other main conductor -2 through the common return conductor 54. Now the core 50 is attracted away from the contact 52, until it moves into.'cngagemcnt with the contact 52 thus establishing a circuit 't'ron'i the conductor 44by way o't'thc conductor to the contact brush 59, thence by Way llt) of the core 50 to the contact 52, thence by the conductor 57 to one end of the solenoid coil 9 and from the other end of the latter by way of conductor 46 and adjustable rheostat to the other main conductor 43, the circuit through the solenoid 11 being broken by the movement of the core away from the contact The hammer head 2 is thus released .from the attractive force generated by the coil'll since such coil is now deenergized and the hammer head falls under the action of gravity, but this action is augmented by the attractive force of the now energized solenoid coil 9 and the blow delivered by the hammer head is commensurate with these combined forces. The downward movement of the hammer head brings the deeper portion of the recess 17 into coincidence with the arm \42 and the spring 33 therefore moves the lever 32 into position whereby the contact 31 is brought again into engagement with the contact 29 and the circuit isestablished through the coil 49 thus once more-actuating the core 50 in a'direction to close the circuit at the contact and cut out the coil 9 and energizing coil 11 whereby the core (3 is attracted into the coil 11 and the hammer is lifted. This'cycle of operations continues as long as the conditions mentioned are present and the hammer delivers a succession of blows upon any object sustained by the anvil. Such blows may be delivered with the full force of the apparatus or the strength of the blows may be regulated by a suitable adjustment of the rheost-at 4L5 controlling the flow of current to the solenoids, thus not only lightening the blows but slowing up the speed of the hammer.-. Assuming that the levers 1819 remain untouched the automatic action of the hammer will continue as long as current is permitted to reach the mains 43 and 44.

Suppose that a comparatively thick piece of metalis resting on the anvil, then it is desirable that the reversal of the hammer should take place at an earlier period than under-the conditions first assumed. For this purpose the lever'19is moved upward on the rack segment 20 and there locked. This will cause theclosing of the circuit at the contacts 31 and 29 at an earlier period than before and a consequent earlier energization of the solenoid 11 in the cycle of operations. By means of the adjustment of the lever 19 very sensitive control is had over the extent of downward movement of the hammer 2 from the minimum to the niaxin'nmi stroke of the hammer.

Let it be assumed that it not desirable to produce a. succession of blows of the hammer automatically but that it is desirable that the operator have full control over the time,periods of the hammer blows. By moving the lever 19 to its lowermost position the contact 29 is moved entirely out of the path of the contact 31 and this movement is transmitted through the link 39 to the lever 37 and the latter is also moved away from the extreme limit of the I movement of the contact 31 toward the contact Under these circumstances no extent of movement of the hammer head 2 and block 4 as transmitted through the arm 42 to the-lever 32 will cause engagement between the contact 31 and either contact 29 or 35. If new the operatorywishes to cause the actuation of the hamm r entirely at will or the virtual locking'of the hammer out of action then it is only necessary to cause the operation by a suitable manipula tion of the lever 18. The operator by depressing the lever 18 causes the engagement of the contact 26 withgthe contact 27 and thus establishes a circuit from the main line conductor 44 to the contact 26, thence to the contact 27 and by way of the conductor 56 to the coil 49, the latter being connected on the other side to the main line conductor 43. The encrgization of the coil 49 causes the movement of the core 50 into engagement wit-h the contact 53 and the consequent energization of the solenoid 1.1 in the manner before described. This will lift the hammer 2 to the highest point and the hammer will there remain suspended so long as current flows through the coil 11, and assuming that the source of current remains active and the conductors 43 and 44; remain charged, then the hammer is held in the elevated position so long as the lever 18 remains in the position stated. If the operator now desires to cause. the downward movement of the hammer, the lever 18 is moved upward until the contact 26 is brought into engagement with the contact 28 when the other coil 18 is energized and the core 50 is moved into engagement with v the contact 52 and this deenergizes the coil 11 and energizes the coil 9 in the manner already stated thus causing the downward movement of the hammer and the delivery of a blow as before. By this means the operator has under absolute control the movement of the hammer and the time intervals of the blows delivered by the hammer or the maintaining of the hammer in the elevated position for as long a period as desired. VVhen it is desirable to deliver either a heavy or a light blow the operator will. manipulate the rheostat 45in the required direction. I 1

It will be understood that the levers 18 and 19 need not be approximately horizontal as indicated but may be located in any position desired to be most convenient for ma nipulation.

To prevent the formation .of extra cur- 9-11 on the breaking of the circuit thereto high resistance bridges G2 are connected across the terminals of the solenoid coils 9 hlLl 11.

It will be understood of course that with the lever 18 in an intermediate position and the lever 12) in the inactive position, both coils 9 and 11 are de'energized. and the hammer will remain upon the anvil 3 or upon an object supported by the anvil even though the main line switch remain closed.

,What is claimed is:

1. In an electric hammer, two solenoids in axial alinement' and having magnetic heads at the outer ends and between the contiguous ends, and diametrically located magnetic .yokes connecting the heads and extendinglongitudinally of the solenoids.-

2. In an electric hammer, tvvo solenoids in axial alinement and having magnetic heads at the outer ends and between the contiguous ends, diametrically located 'magnetic yokes connectingthe heads and extending longitudinally of the solenoids, a support for the solenoids having non-magnetic material next to the ends of the solenoids resting on the support, a magnetic core, a hammer head, and non-magnetic connections between the hammer head and the core. V

In an electric hammer, electric circuit terminals under the control of a movable element of the hammer, circuit controlling means in turn controlled. by the circuit terminals acted on by the movable element of the hammer and means under the control of an operator for determining the active stroke of the hammer.

l. In an electric hammer, an oscillatory lever, a contact carried thereby, connections between the lever and the movable element of the hammer for causing the oscillation of the lever by the movement of the movable element of the'hammer, a manually controlled lever carrying a contact movable by the lever into and out of the path of the contact on the oscillatory lever, and another contact also movable into and out of the path of the contact on the oscillatory lever and comieeted to and controlled by the manually operable lever.

In an electric hamnmr, a manually operable lever and a contact carried thereby,

said electric switch, manually means for controlling the last-namet'l reveia ng switch, another manually ope able reversing switch in the same circuit connections, and current controlling means under the control of an operator.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own, I have heretd afiixed my signtv ture in the presence of tivo Witnesses.

REUBEN S. SMITH.

lVit nesses FLORENCE MARNEY, B. A. Clement.

the manually operable lever, other c a hammcr-operated l'CYQl'tilllg switch for the operable 

